Lake Biwa: Japan’s Largest Lake in Shiga Prefecture, Legends, and Spiritual Wonders

Lake Biwa, the flagship natural wonder of Shiga Prefecture and Japan's largest freshwater lake, serves as a haven for nature enthusiasts and those seeking respite from the stresses of modern life. Resembling a traditional biwa lute, this extensive lake spans 670 square kilometers and has drawn visitors for centuries due to its tranquil allure and restorative qualities. Its enduring charm stems from an ideal blend of scenic beauty, cultural heritage, and serene atmosphere.

Shirahige Shrine Torii that floats in Biwa Lake

Surrounded by mountains that appear like a scene from a masterful painting, Lake Biwa presents numerous ways to enjoy its pure waters. Whether kayaking across its shining surface, paddleboarding at dawn, or fishing for the day’s catch, the lake provides memorable experiences. Locals gather along its shores for barbecues, with the lively sound of canned Sapporo beers punctuating their laughter—a warm reminder of simple pleasures in life. Scenic cruises, especially during cherry blossom season or autumn's colorful foliage, offer unmatched views of the lake’s stunning scenery.

Mr. Daidarabotchi

Lake Biwa’s significance goes beyond its physical waters; it is deeply rooted in legend and spirituality. According to myth, the lake was formed by the enormous yokai Daidarabotchi, whose dark skin and massive figure shaped the landscape. One story recounts how this giant scooped up earth to create Lake Biwa while simultaneously forming Mt. Fuji, shaping it with the same careful attention a child gives to a sandcastle. Though fantastical, the story reflects the awe-inspiring presence of the lake itself.

In Shiga, a profound culture of gratitude surrounds water, recognizing its life-giving essence. This spirituality is reflected in local traditions such as Noh theater, where performances often center on themes of nature and the divine. One of the most sacred locations in the region is Chikubushima, a tiny island north of the lake. Known as the "Island of the Gods," it has been a place of worship since ancient times. Home to Hogonji Temple and Tsukubusuma Shrine, the island radiates as a spiritual power spot, drawing pilgrims and seekers who feel its unique resonance.

Chikubushima Island, 竹生島， Lake Biwa, Japan

High above the lake, the iconic Mt. Hiei is home to Enryaku-ji Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage site and the birthplace of Tendai Buddhism. This monumental complex is said to carry the literal light of Buddha, preserved in a candle that has burned continuously for over 1,000 years. As you walk through its sacred halls, you are not only greeted with sweeping views of Lake Biwa’s western shores but also immersed in a space where Buddhist monks once trained rigorously. Enryaku-ji’s teachings, centered on the Lotus Sutra, highlight the potential for all beings to achieve enlightenment—a profound reflection of the harmony between humanity and nature.

Lake Biwa, on the other (east) side of Mt Hiei.

On the eastern shore, the historic town of Hikone offers a journey back in time. Known for its rich feudal history, it is home to Hikone Castle, one of Japan’s most well-preserved Edo-period strongholds. From the castle’s watchtower, you can almost imagine the steadfast gaze of samurai, their loyalty and vigilance forever tied to the lake below.

Those craving relaxation will find Lake Biwa’s shores dotted with rejuvenating onsens, cozy restaurants, and charming bars. Whether you’re soaking in a hot spring with a lakeside view or enjoying a meal made from locally sourced ingredients, the lake offers the perfect balance of serenity and indulgence. Its timeless beauty has long inspired poets, artists, and travelers seeking a deeper connection with the natural world.

Ready to experience the magic of Lake Biwa for yourself? Check out the MK GUIDE for tailored recommendations that will elevate your visit to this enchanting destination.

Let MK be your personal guide to Lake Biwa, Japan’s largest lake in Shiga Prefecture. Immerse yourself in Lake Biwa’s history, legends, and spiritual wonders, including Chikubushima and Enryaku-ji Temple. Take advantage of our exceptional hospitality to ensure your journey is seamless and unforgettable. With our luxury vehicles and English-speaking drivers, you can customize a sightseeing trip to explore the lake’s serene beauty, cultural depth, and nearby attractions at your own pace. MK SHIGA